Epigastric pain is a type of pain that occurs in the upper middle region of the abdomen, just below the breastbone. It is a common symptom that can be caused by a wide range of conditions, from benign to serious. Here is a detailed overview of epigastric pain:
Causes:
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Gastritis (inflammation of the stomach lining)
- Peptic ulcer disease (ulcers in the stomach or duodenum)
- Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
- Gallbladder disease (such as gallstones)
- Liver disease (such as hepatitis)
- Heart attack
- Hiatal hernia
- Pneumonia
- Gastrointestinal obstruction
- Bowel ischemia
- Esophageal spasm
- Celiac disease
- Functional dyspepsia
- Anxiety and stress
Symptoms:
- Pain or discomfort in the upper middle region of the abdomen, below the breastbone
- Burning sensation in the chest
- Nausea and vomiting
- Loss of appetite
- Bloating and belching
- Heartburn
- Acid regurgitation
- Difficulty swallowing
- Fever and chills (if caused by an infection)
Diagnosis: The diagnosis of epigastric pain typically involves a thorough medical history and physical examination, as well as tests to identify the underlying cause. These may include:
- Blood tests to check for infections, liver function, and other abnormalities
- Imaging tests such as X-rays, ultrasound, CT scans, and MRI to visualize the organs and structures in the abdomen
- Endoscopy, which involves inserting a thin, flexible tube with a camera on the end into the mouth and down the esophagus to examine the stomach and duodenum
Treatment: The treatment for epigastric pain depends on the underlying cause. Some possible treatments include:
- Medications to reduce acid production or treat infections
- Lifestyle modifications such as avoiding trigger foods, losing weight, and reducing stress
- Surgery to remove gallstones or repair hernias
- Treatment for underlying conditions such as pancreatitis, hepatitis, or heart disease
In summary, epigastric pain is a common symptom that can be caused by a variety of conditions. If you experience this type of pain, it is important to seek medical attention to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment.